![]() Configuration files and tools are now stored in a central location, documented and accessible by many team members. Many of the traditional system administration problems have been solved at this point in DevOps history. These configuration files were naturally added to Git for tracking and review. Human readability and consistent reproducible state are the beneficial outcomes. This led to the emergence of technologies like Docker Containers, Ansible, Terraform, and Kubernetes, which utilize static declarative configuration files. IaC encourages and promotes declarative system administration tools over custom imperative solutions. The declarative version of this would simply read: 4 machines have software from this URL, installed at this directory. Install an operating system on this machine.While the imperative statements might read: Here’s a comparison of imperative vs declarative devops statements. Modern software development has trended away from imperative patterns and towards declarative software patterns.ĭeclarative software follows a declaration of an expected state instead of a sequence of commands. Imperative software is often error prone and easy to break by changing the sequence of events. Imperative software follows a sequence of steps to achieve a desired state, such as: ![]() Previously system administrators favored custom imperative scripts to configure systems. IaC is one of the biggest revelations of DevOps. DevOps borrowed the best ideas from software engineering and applied them to systems administration, where the cobbled-together tools became version-controlled code. The DevOps movement arose from this primordial swamp of systems administration. Collaboration was challenging as the custom tool chains were not regularly documented or shared. These scripts could break at any time or get lost. Administrators would keep custom collections of imperative scripts and configurations, cobble them together, and place them in various places. In addition to the manual provisioning process, large amounts of manual configuration work was a regular routine. System administrators previously would manage hardware manually by either connecting to and provisioning machines in a physical server rack or over a cloud provisioning API. Systems administration as a craft has a sloppy history. System administrators, who typically were hesitant to change, are now embracing new software development practices such as agile and DevOps. Git pull requests helped enable the evolution of DevOps processes into software development. Pull requests bring transparency and measurability to a formerly opaque process. Pull requests are a pivotal feature in collaborative software development and changed the way teams and businesses build software. Pull requests promote visibility into incoming changes to a codebase and encourages communication, discussion, and review of changes. Git is a mission critical tool for software development that enables pull request and code review workflows. This live syncing pull request workflow is the core essence of GitOps. ![]() Once approved and merged, the pull requests will automatically reconfigure and sync the live infrastructure to the state of the repository. Pull requests modify the state of the Git repository. GitOps ensures that a system’s cloud infrastructure is immediately reproducible based on the state of a Git repository. There is ongoing development and discussion within the DevOps community to bring GitOps tools to other non-Kubernetes platforms, such as Terraform. These tools were primarily used with operating models for Kubernetes-based infrastructure and applications. In addition to Git as a key DevOps mechanism, GitOps is also used to describe tools that augment Gits default functionality. More simply, it is the practice of using Git pull requests to verify and automatically deploy system infrastructure modifications. It’s an evolution of Infrastructure as Code (IaC) and a DevOps best practice that leverages Git as the single source of truth, and control mechanism for creating, updating, and deleting system architecture. What is GitOps?Īt its core, GitOps is code-based infrastructure and operational procedures that rely on Git as a source control system. As companies embrace DevOps methodologies, so to the tools, which has created an evolution to GitOps, a set of practices that allow developers to perform more IT operations-related tasks. So it goes with Git, the most widely used version control system in the world today. Yet as the gap between development and operations teams shrinks, so do the processes. Many organizations now see DevOps as part of their digital transformation strategy, since it encourages a culture of shared responsibility, transparency, and faster feedback.
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